17.7: References Flesch BK, Curtis BR, de Haas M, Lucas G, Sachs UJ (2016). Update on the nomenclature of human neutrophil antigens and alleles. Transfusion, 56, 1477–1479.…
17.4: HNA antibody detection methods There are several techniques for the detection of HNA-reactive antibodies. These techniques can be divided into non-specific (where intact g…
17.3: HNA typing methods HNA types should be determined using antibody-based and/or DNA/PCR-based techniques that have been validated in the laboratory. Polyclonal human anti-HN…
17.2: Nomenclature The current nomenclature for HNA and corresponding antibodies is based on epitopes and allelic typing and this must be used for recording granulocyte-specific alloanti…
17.5: Donor testing 17.5.1: HNA typing HNA typing of donors whose granulocytes may be transfused to support HNA-immunised recipients should, wherever possible, be typed twice …
17.6: Patient testing 17.6.1: HNA typing Patients should be typed for HNA following the guidelines for donor HNA typing. A provisional type can be issued on the basis of a phe…
17.1: Reagent manufacture/reference preparations/cell panels 17.1.1: HNA typing reagents There are several human neutrophil antigen (HNA) genotyping and phenotyping techniques…
16.9: References The European Federation for Immunogenetics (EFI) Standards. Available at www.efiweb.eu WHO Nomenclature Committee fo…
16.7: Leucocyte crossmatching in blood transfusion Crossmatching may be used in the diagnosis of TRALI and the treatment of HLA- or HNA-sensitised patients with granulocyte transfusions.…
16.6: Testing for HLA-specific antibodies HLA-specific antibody screening and characterisation must comply with the relevant EFI Standards. Sera containing HLA-specific antibodi…
16.5: Testing of HLA genes and gene products DNA-based methods must identify all HLA alleles included in the most recent WHO Nomenclature Committee for Factors of the HLA System Report
16.4: Reagents 16.4.1: DNA typing reagents Methods available for HLA typing of DNA samples rely on identification of polymorphic HLA gene sequence motifs. In all widely used m…
16.2: Introduction The transfusion or transplantation of blood components bearing allogeneic HLA can stimulate clinically significant immunological responses. All cellular components exc…
16.1: Preamble DNA-based testing for HLA alleles has now completely replaced serological phenotyping and antibody detection/characterisation involves non-cell-based methods.…
15.6: References Daniels G, Finning K, Martin P, Massey E (2009). Non-invasive prenatal diagnosis of fetal blood group phenotypes: current practice and future prospects. Prenat…
15.5: External quality assurance It is important that any laboratory performing this testing for clinical purposes participates in some sort of external quality assurance scheme. There i…